In his work, which is considered one of the most illuminating texts on the nature of European politics, Voegelin seeks to re-establish political science in the classical sense, in contrast to the dominant methods of positivism. His recourse to tradition is aimed at laying the theoretical foundation of political science as a science of human and social order. Voegelin places the question of the nature of rationality at the center of his research. While examining the fate of rationality—which consists of its emergence, development, and degeneration in the modern era—within the context of world history from ancient Eastern civilizations to the present day, he also lays the foundations of his own philosophy of history. Opposing positivism and dissenting from Galileo's "New Science" (Nuova Scienza), Voegelin is a follower of Vico, who conceived a "New Science" of politics and history. Based on the Walgreen Lectures series titled "Truth and Representation" that Voegelin delivered at the University of Chicago in 1951, The New Science of Politics is Voegelin's most famous work. Published in many languages, this work meets its readers in Turkish for the first time.