The oldest work written on stones in the history of Islamic science is the Kitâbu’l-Ahcâr, attributed to Aristotle. This work, which currently exists only in its Arabic translation with the source-language text being lost, spans a broad spectrum ranging from pharmaceutical chemistry to alchemy and tales of Alexander, where highly surprising observations and information about minerals are intertwined with superstitions. Estimated to have been translated into Arabic in the first half of the 9th century AD, the work served as a significant source for other relatively later books on the same subject and was extensively quoted by them. Another indicator of the book's importance is that it was translated into Latin and Hebrew towards the end of the Middle Ages. The study in your hands consists of an introduction to the history of mineralogy, the Turkish translation of the Kitâbu’l-Ahcâr, and a comprehensive interpretation of the resulting text in light of ancient and Islamic sources. We hope that this study will demonstrate that the Kitâbu’l-Ahcâr, bearing Aristotle’s name, serves as a general introduction to the works produced in the field of mineralogy in the history of Islamic science and is a very rich document of cultural history that sheds light on similar works written in antiquity, the Islamic world, and Medieval Europe.