"On Islam and Turkishness" brings together three treatises penned by Şehbenderzâde Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi during a period when the Balkan Wars were taking place, the Ottoman Empire was losing territory, and political and social upheavals were widespread; he wrote them to raise consciousness among Muslims, Turks, and Ottomans and to convey the ideas of Turkishness, Islam, and Islamic unity: "Muslims! Listen!", "How is the Turkish Spirit Made?", and "The Turkish Gift and Other Poems." With these treatises, Filibeli reminds Muslims and Turks of the praiseworthy moral qualities inherent in their nature, while also advising them to unite against the nationalist movements that had begun to show their influence in Ottoman lands. In "Muslims! Listen!", he explains the current state of Muslims worldwide and what must be done to escape this situation:

“I shall tell you a word more bitter than poison, more bitter than oleander; I shall tell you a very truthful word. I shall tell you the reason for our humiliation, wretchedness, poverty, and captivity. Because we have both ceased to heed and ceased to understand the commands of our God and our Prophet.” In "How is the Turkish Spirit Made?", which he wanted every patriot to read and referred to as “the cry of the Turk,” he addresses Turks and Turkish youth in particular, describing the ailments that have afflicted the state and society. According to him, the Turks were feeling the pain but did not understand the disease. Let us read the story of how Filibeli wrote this treatise, in which he expresses this “painful state” and voices the remedy to escape it, from his own lines: “I pondered: I sought how Turkishness had changed over three hundred years and why the ‘Turkish youthful vigor’ had been lost. Thus, this booklet came to be.” "The Turkish Gift and Other Poems" contains poems on the theme of Turkishness that Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi wrote under the pseudonym “Özdemir.”